Through an analysis of language ideology and front-page newspaper stories from the Spanish and Catalan press on the days before and after the World Cup final, this paper examines the politicization of the Spanish national team's victory. The Catalan-language papers sought recognition for the region by invoking this long-standing symbol of Catalan nationalism while still giving ample front-page space to a continued discussion of the protest. After Spain’s victory in the final however, the Catalan-language press claimed ownership over the championship by highlighting the contributions of Futbol Club Barcelona to the team's success.

While the Spanish press belittled the protest, grossly underestimating the turnout, Catalan newspaper headlines lauded the manifestation and ignored the pending World Cup match. This historic manifestation took place the day before the FIFA World Cup final, and the media discourse surrounding these two seemingly unrelated events highlights the ongoing conflict between the Spanish government and Catalonia. In 2010 the Spanish central government made alterations to the Catalan constitution, particularly relating to economic and linguistic rights, prompting over one million Catalans to take to the streets of Barcelona in protest. This essay examines the relationship between the emergence of Cuban identity, the nascent nation and its expression in the playing of a game by examining a late-nineteenth-century poem that makes these passionate linkages.įor Catalans, the most important aspect of their culture is the Catalan language, and those who use the language exclusively in the public sector do so with a specific ideology in mind: Catalan is the language of Catalonia, and it is a right and duty to know the language as a resident of the region. As members of elite social clubs, the playing of the game and recital of poetry were two forms of expressive performance that expressed the desires, values and beliefs of Havana’s social elite.

One particularly prominent form of expression that linked baseball to Cuban nationalism was poetry.

As a distinctive practice, baseball provided a symbolic discourse for an independent Cuba, evident not only in its physical expression on the field but in other forms of expression as well. The game represented one of a set of civilized practices that criollos used to distinguish themselves from the Spanish. Baseball is the national sport in Cuba, not because of American imperialism or colonialism, but because criollos, nineteenth-century island elites, made deliberate efforts to equate the game with a nascent Cuban nationalism.

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